begin vi. (began; begun; beginning) 1.開始 (opp. end); 著手,動手。 2.始于,源于 (from). School begins on Monday. 星期一開課。 vt. 1.開始,創(chuàng)始;動手,著手。 2.創(chuàng)建。 It has begun to be done. = It has been begun. 工作開始了。 He began (to speak). 他開口了。 a book I began (to read) 開始讀的書。 begin a dynasty 開創(chuàng)一個朝代。 begin again 重做,從頭另做。 begin at 從…開始 (begin at the wrong end 開錯了頭。 begin at page 10 從第10頁開始)。 begin by (doing ...)從(做…)開始,先做…。 begin on [upon] 著手,動手 (He has begun on a new book. 他已開始讀[寫]另一本新書)。 begin the world 開始為人[處世];開始獨立生活。 begin with 從…開始,先做 (A little caviar to begin with, madame 先吃一點魚子醬怎么樣,女士?)。 not begin to (do) 〔口語〕決不會,完全不 (It does not begin to meet the specifications. 這完全不合規(guī)格。 I can't begin to tell you how grateful I am. 我不知道怎樣感激你才好)。 to begin with 首先,第一,第一個理由是;本來〔插入語〕 (To begin with, he is too young. 首先[第一],他太年輕了)。
So the dissertation is began with the scientific and economic analysis 因此,我們的研究以對能源的科技、經(jīng)濟分析為切入點。
The azeotropic distillation of the system acetic acid - water - azeotropic agent ( isopropyl acetate and butyl acetate ) is simulated . due to the non - ideal behavior , nrtl - hoc and uniquac - hoc model is used to depict vapor - liquid phase equilibrium behavior of this system . concerning the liquid in the decanter , the stability is checked by tangent plane stability analysis , and the initialization of phase splitting calculation is produced . a good estimate of the phase fration is gotten by successive substitution with newton ' s method , and every component of two phase is gotten by mass equilibrium equation . finally , the solution of this equation is produced with successive substitution calcultion . the naphtali - sandholm method is used to simulation of azeotropic distillation . by virtue of this combined calculation method , the simulation is begun with operational data as basical data . the results of simulation accord with the operating data , which proved that the combined calculation method is credible 該體系具有高度非理想性,氣液相平衡模型采用nrtl - hoc和uniquac - hoc模型,采用切平面判據(jù)法對進入分層器中的液相進行液相穩(wěn)定性測試,提供液液相分離計算的初值,再結(jié)合牛頓拉夫森迭代法運算求得相分割系數(shù),根據(jù)物料衡算求出各相組成,循環(huán)迭代可求得分層各組分數(shù)據(jù),共沸精餾模擬計算采用那夫塔列-山德荷姆全變量迭代算法。
This section begins with the important position of the non - coercive means of environmental administration and comes to the descriptions to the creation of the non - coercive means of environmental administration . and these descriptions are begun with several important factors about the creation of the non - coercive means of environmental administration 本部分在強調(diào)國家行政權(quán)在環(huán)境管理中的重要地位的同時,通過非強制行政的勃興、環(huán)境意識和環(huán)境文化背景、持續(xù)發(fā)展對環(huán)境行政管理手段的基本要求、解決環(huán)境問題對行政管理手段的理想選擇等角度,對環(huán)境行政非強制性管理手段的產(chǎn)生背景進行了闡述。